Fireproof construction.



Pajented Mar. `6, |900.

W. 0RR. FIREPRDF CONSTRUCTION.

(Applicgtion Aled. Sept. 8, 1898.) V

2- Sheats-Sheet L (No Model.)

A. U WUI* 2 l w 'www' w No. 044,940. Pathented mar. 6, |900.

w. 000.4 K y FIREPRF GNSTHUCTWN.

-L pplication led Sept. 6, 1898.) (No Model.) 4 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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WILLIAM ORR, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE NEW JERSEY TIRE OLOT'H COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

FIREPROOF OONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 644,940, dated March e, 1900.

' Application iiled September 6, 1898. Serial No. 690,317. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ `tti/"tom t may concer-n:

Be it known that I, 1WILLIAIVL ORB, a

zen of the United States, residing at Trenton, county of Mercer, and State of New Jersey, 5 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fireproof Constructions, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to animprov'ed tireproof construction adapted especially for use as a combined floor and ceiling construction,

the object of the invention being to provide` support, while employing but a small body of` concrete or similar plastic material.

The invention relates especially to an im` proved fireprooling of the webs and flanges of the beams, to an improved floor-support, and to an improved metal joist and holding-clip construction, but includes also various other features of construction.

As a full understanding of the invention can best be given by an illustration and detailed description of constructions embodying the same, such a description will now be given in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and showing constructions embodying all the features of thefin vention in their preferred forms, and the features forming the invention will then be particularlypointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a section of a complete floor and ceiling construction, the section being taken transversely to the floorbeams and showing a construction with the concrete web between the upper portions of the beams.

Fig. 2 is Ia section on the line 2 the construction.

the joists in plan view.

Fig. 5 is a section longitudinally of the beam, showing a girder- 5o lireprooling in connection with the construction shown in Fig.

Fig. 6 is a View similar to Fig. l, showinga form of construction eui- Referring now particularly to Figs. l and 2,

A are the floor-beams, which are shown as of the common I form, upon the upper flanges of which are supported joists B, shown as formed of thin metal bars extending from beam to beam and arranged edgewise vertically, these joists being provided on4 their ends with notches which receive the flanges of the beams and clipsx thereon, the portions of the joistsv below the notches forming tongues 10, entering openings l in the clips `below the flanges of the beams, so that the joists B are thus held in position onedge and the tongues 1l above the flan ges resti ng on the tops of the clips and serving tostrengthen the joists at the end and aid inholding the clips a: in place on the beam-flanges. The joists B thus extend above and below the top flanges of the beams, and on the under side of the joists B is secured in any suitable manner, so as to be supported thereby, reticulated metal, which is shown as common woven-wire lathing C, but which may be of any suitable form and size of openings between `the parts ofthe reticulated metal, either of woven or netted wire or metal rods or straps or perforated or expanded metal, so that' the concrete or similar plastic material applied from above will set into theV spaces between the parts of the lathing and secure an anchorage to prevent thrust against the joists B and the beams A. The lathing O is shown as secured to the joists B by wire ties 2 at suitable intervals; but other means of attachment may be used or the lathing supported in any other suitable manner. The lathing C preferably extends downward around the bottoms of the beams, so as to inclose the latter and bc offset from the bottoms of the beams suiiiciently to provide iireproofing of the entire beams by a body D of concrete or similar plastic material applied from above and forced down' around the web or webs oi' the beams, so as to for-m a single continuous body of iireproof material extending about the entire beams and forming ireprooiing below the beams and extending above the tops of the beams Ioo and joists, so as to form a fireproof floor upon which the board or other ooring E may be applied, either directly or on wood or other joists F, as shown. With the joists B and metallic lathing applied as shown the filling of' concrete D may be applied from above without the use of a centering below the lathing, so that the concrete will key through the openings between the parts of the lathing and secure an anchorage of the concrete in the lathin g and a proper base for the plastic ceiling, the metallic parts of the construction being sufficient to hold or to support the concrete while setting. It will be understood, however, that a suitable centering may be used in producing this construction, if'desired for any reason.

The construction shown in Fig. lis complete in itself and may be used without plaster finish; but it is preferably finished by applying on the under side ofthe lathing C the usual plaster ceiling G, so that the entire iioor and ceiling construction is formed with a single body of concrete or similar plastic material embedding the joists and lireproofing the beams throughout, with the plaster ceiling applied directly thereon.

While I prefer to apply the concrete or similar plast-ic material so as to cover the beams entirely and ireproof the webs and lower flanges of the beams, shown at'the v left in Fig. l, and this .feature forms a part of the invention, this fireprooiing of the webs and bottoms of the beams by the concrete may be omitted, while employing other features of the invention, and an air-space left about the webs and bottoms of the beams, as shown at the right of Fig. l, the plaster G on the under side of the lathing C then being the only covering of the beams outside this air-space.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have shown a construction in which the fireproofing of the webs and bottoms of the beam is secured by a body of concrete or similar material, as in the construction shown in Fig. l; but in this case the joists B are mounted on the lower anges of the beams and a plain ceiling construction is formed instead of the dropped-beam construction shown in Figs. l and 2. The joists B and clips .fr in this construction are the same as in the construction shown in Figs. l and 2, except that the joists and clips are applied to the bottom flanges of the beams, so that the joists extend below the beams, the depth of these joists below the beams depending upon the amount of fireproofing desired on the under side of the beams. An airspace may be left below the beams, as at the right in Fig. l, if desired. The arrangement of the metallic lathing C and the application .of the plaster G on its under side is the same as in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Above the joists B the concrete is filled in only sufficiently to fully embed and protect the joists and secure the required strength in the body of concrete, and this construction (shown in Figs. 3 and 4t) thus provides a fireproof web between the lower portions of the beams, leavinga large air-space between the web and the flooring. The webs and upper flanges of the beams are embedded in bodies' of concrete D', extending along the sides of the beams above the concrete web D, so that the beams are fully protected, although the concrete web is of less depth than the beams. A continuous air-space may be left between the web D and the iiooring; but preferably this airspace will be divided and the floor supported by joists Il, which are set down into the space between the beams and bodies of concrete D', so as to rest upon the web D, preferably being inclined at the ends so as to be supported also by concrete D. The construction shown is preferred, in which the joists H are wooden joists extending over a series of beams and deeply notched on their under sides, so that their notched portions rest upon the tops of the beams and their lower edges extend down to the web D. The joists may thus be supported wholly or -largely by the tops of the beams. Instead of wooden joists, however, joists formed of fireproof blocks molded from suitable material may be used, being set down between the beams and resting upon the web D. Upon the joists His supported the ooring E, either directly or on studding, as desired. This construction, with the concrete web between the lower portions of the beams and the floorsupporting joists thereon, will be found very efficient, while it is very simple and cheap and may be produced very rapidly.

The construction shown in Figs. l to et and above described may be used with the met-al joists B arranged at equal distances apart throughout, so as to form rectangular bodies of concrete between them; but I preferably arrange these joists, substantially as shown in Fig. ta, with the opposite ends of adjacent joists at different distances from each other, so as to form wedge-shaped bodies of concrete between successive joists, the spaces between the joists and ends of the concrete blocks along each beam thus being alternately wide and narrow. This construction secures much greater strength, as the wedge form of the concrete blocks between the joists effectually prevents any tendency to slip transversely to th'e beams and relieves largely the sidewise thrust upon the beams. The joists B may be used without spanners; but the use of spanners is preferred, as a stronger construction is thus secu red and the joists B may thus be placed in. position more rapidly and with greater accuracy in spacing the joists, which is especially desirable in the construcytion shown, in which the opposite ends of the joists are spaced differently. As shown in Fig. 4a, spanners are used formed of looped metal rods or straps 8, passed over the tops of the joists and connected by Spanner-rods 9, hooked through eyes in the rods or straps 8.

In Fig. 5 I have shown the construction of IOD IIO

Figs. 2 and applied in connection with a fireproofedmetal girder, the girder being lireproofed throughout and on its under side by the same continuous body of concrete or similar plastic material by which the beams A are iireproofed. l In this construction the girder I, to which the beams A may be secured by angle-plates, as shown, or in any other suitable manner, is iireproofed as follows: Rods 12 extend between adjacent beamsA on opposite sides of the girder, according to the thickness of concrete desired, and are hooked over the bottom flanges of the beams, so as to be carried thereby, and about these rods 12 are hooked at intervals rods 13, which extend downward to a distance below the girderbeing placed at suitable intervals apart and the rods 12 on opposite sides of the girders being shown as secured together by wire ties 4, so as to hold them in position on the girder flange. The metallic lathing C below the beams A is then continued downward and around the under side of the girders, being secured to and held in position by these rods 13, so as to form a'bodyof fireproof material extending about and below the girders and continuous with the concrete .floor and beam iireproofing, the plaster ceiling then being applied on the outside of the lathing in this part of the construction in the same manner as below and between .the beams A. This girder protection with the rods and lathing may also be used without the concrete filling, so as to form an air-space about the webs and below the flanges of the girders, as shown `and previously described in connection with the beam A at the right of Fig. 1, or the space below the flange may be filled with'previouslymolded blocks of fireproof material held in place by the rods 13.

In long spans it may be desirable to use curved joists to strengthen the ii'oor against deiiect-ion under heavy weight, and such curved joists may be notched and supported from the bottom iianges of the beams in the same manner as shown in Figs. 1 to 4 or in any other suitable manner. In Figs. (Band 7, however, I have shown constructions employing such curved joists with the iireproofing of the webs and bottom flanges of the beams by the floor concrete, but with the curved joists supported by different means from that shown in Figs. 1 to 4 and from a point above the beaxn-iiange, which is practicable with deep beams. Y

In the construction shown in Fig. 6 the joists B support the lathing C and the floor and ceiling in the same manner as previously described, but are supported from the beams A either by hangers 14 from the tops of the beams, these hangers being slotted or looped, so as to receive the ends of the joists, as shown at the left of Fig. 6, or by supports 15, resting on the bottom flanges of the beams and notched at the top to receive the joists B, as shown at the right of Fig. 6. The supports for the lathing C, below the flanges of the beams A in this construction, are secured by metal rods 16, arranged at suitable intervals apart and bent to proper form to seat on the lower flanges of the beams and extend below the beams the required distance and upward to the joists B, so as to hold the lathing properly and at the required distance from the beams, in accordance with the thickness 'of fireproofing desired, separate rods 16 on opposite sides of the beams being preferably used, as shown, and tied together below the beams by wire ties 4 in the same manner as shown in Fig. 5 in connection with the girders I. In this construction the concrete D is shown as extending only to the tops of beams; but this is not essential, and the concrete may extend above the beams.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a construction in which similarcurved joists B are used, being supported from the tops of the beams by hangers 17, separate hangers being used on opposite sides of the beams and'slotted or provided with side loops to support the Iends of thejoists, these hangers 17 extending downward below the bottoms of the beams and then inward to the center of the beams, where they are provided with eyes 5, t-hroughwhich the ceiling-supporting lrods 18 are passed and secured under the proper tension by nuts 6, these rods 18 supporting the ceiling-lathing K and ceiling-plaster G. In this construction the body of concrete or similar plastic material D fills the space above the lathing C, secured on the under side of the joists B and the space within the lathin g supported by the hangers 17 about the webs and below the botn toms of the beams A, so as to provide a continuous body of iireprooiing material, forming the floor and protection about the webs and bottoms of the beams.

The arrangement of the joists so as to form wed ge-shaped blocks of concrete, as shown in Fig. 4 and previously described in connection with the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is applicable also to the constructions shown in Figs. 6 and 7. These curved joists also may be used in place of the straight joists in the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4v and supported from the bottom flanges of the beams in the same or any suitable manner. I

IvOO

to beam and supported on their edges, reticir lated metal extending between the beams and .below the bottoms of the beams with space between the reticulated metal and the beams, and a lling of concrete or similar plastic material between the beams in which the joists are completely embedded, substantially as described.

2. The combination with beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and supported on their edges, reticulated metal extending between the beams and below the bottoms of the beams with space between the reticulated metal and the beams, and a continuous body of concrete or similar plastic material between the beams and filling the space between the reticulated metal and the beams and in 'which the joists are completely embedded, substantially as described.

3. The combination with beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and supported on their edges, reticulated metal extending between the beams below the joists and under the bottoms of the beams with space between the reticulated metal and the beams, and a lling of concrete orsimilar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal between the beams and in which the joists are embedded, substantially `as described.

4. rlhe .combination with beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and supported on their edges, reticulated metal extending between the beams below the joists and under the bottoms of the beams with space between the reticulated metal and the beams, and a continuous body of concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal and embedding the joists and filling the space between the reticulated metal and the beams, substantially as described.

5. The combination with floor-girders and beams extending transversely to the girders, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and supported on their edges, reticulated metal extending between the beams and around the bottoms of the beams and girders with space between thereticulated metal and the beams and girders, and a continuous body of concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal and filling the space about the webs of the beams and girders and between the reticulated metal and the bottoms of the beams and girders, substantially as described.

6. The combination with iioorgirders and beams extending transversely to the girders, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and supported on their edges, reticulated metal extending between the beams below the joists and extending about the bottoms of the beams and girders with space between the reticulated metal and the beams and girders, and a continuous body of' concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal and embedding the joists and filling the space about the webs of the beams and girders and between the reticulated metal and the bottoms of the beams and girders, substantially as described.

7. The combination with iianged beams, of joists formed of' metal plates extending from beam to beam and provided with notches at their opposite ends to receive the flanges of the beams whereby the joists are supported on their edges and extending above and below the -beam-flange, reticulated metal below the joists extending between the beams and around the bottoms of the beams with a space between the reticulated metal and beams,

and concrete or similar plastic material applied uponthe reticulated metal and embedding the joists, substantially as described.

8. The combination with flanged beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and provided with notches at their opposite ends to receive the anges of the beams whereby the joists are supported on their edges and extending above and below the beam-fiange, reticulated metal extending between the beams and around the bottoms of the beams, and a continuous body of concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the vreticulated metal and embedding the joists and filling the space about the Webs of the beams and between the reticulated metal and the bott-oms of the beams, substantially as described.

9. The combination with iianged beams, of joists formed ot metal plates extending from beam to beam and provided with notches at their opposite ends to receive the flanges of the beams whereby the joists are supported on their edges and extending above and below the beam-flange, reticulated metal below said joists, and a filling of concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal and in which the joists are embedded, substantially as described.

lO. The combination with flanged beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and provided at their opposite ends with notches receiving the bottom flanges of the beams whereby the joists are supported on their edges and extend below the beams, reticulated metal below the joists extending from beam to beam and below the bottoms of the beams, and concrete or similar plastic ma'- t-erial applied upon the reticulated metal and in which the joists are embedded, substantially as described.

ll. The combination with flanged beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and provided at their opposite ends withnotches receiving the bottom flanges of the beams whereby thejoists are supported on their edges and extend below the beams, reticulated metal belowv the joists extending lfrom beam to beam and below the bottoms of the beams, and concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal to form a web between the beams embedding the IIO IZO

joists and extending along the beams to fireproof the webs and upper flanges ofthe beams, substantially as described.

12. The combination with flanged beams, of joists formed of metal plates extending from beam to beam and notched on their edges to receive the beani-fianges whereby the joists are supported on their edges, said j oists being arranged to form wedge-shaped spaces between the joists, the successive spaces tapering in opposite directions, reticulated metal extending between the beams, and a filling of concrete or similar plastic material applied upon the reticulated metal and forming wedge-shaped bodies between the joists, substantially as described.

13. The combination with beams, of joists extending between the lower portions of the beams and formed of metal plates supported on their edges, reticulated metal between the beams, concrete or similar material applied on said metal to form a flreproot web extending between the lower portions of the beams and embedding the joists, and floor-supporting joists extending from beam to beam and dividing-the air-space above the web, substantially as described.

14. The combination with beams, of joists extending between the lower portions of the beams and formed of metal plates supported on their edges, reticulated metal between the beams, concrete or similar material applied on said metal to form a fireproof web extending between the lower portions of the beams and embedding the joists and extending along the beams to fireproof the webs and upper flanges of the beams, and floor-supporting joists extending between the fireprooling of the beam-webs and dividing the air-space above the concrete web, substantially as described.

15. The combination with beams, of joists extending between the lower portions of the beams and formed of metal plates supported on their edges, reticulated metal between the beams, and concrete or similar material applied on said metal to form a iireproof web extending between the lower portions of the beams and embedding the joists and extending along the beams to fireproot' the webs and upper flanges of the beams, substantially as described.

1G. The combination with a beam-flange, of clip c thereon having a depending portion provided with opening 1 and a plate-joist having tongue 10 entering said opening to support the plate on its edge, substantially as described.

17. The combination with a beam-flange, of clip thereon having a depending portion provided with opening 1 and a plate-joist having tongue lO entering said opening below the flange and tongue 11 above the flange, substantially as describsd.

1S. The combination with a beam-flange, of clip thereon having a depending portion provided with opening 1 and a plate-joist having tongue 10 entering said opening below the flange and tongue 11 above the flange resting on the clip, substantially as described.

19. The combination with the beams A, of plate-joists B notched at their ends to receive the beam-flanges, reticulated metal between the beams, and a filling O of concrete or similar material in which the j oists are completely embedded, substantially as described. v

20. The combination with the beams A, of plate-joists B notched at their ends to receive the beam-flanges, :reticulated metal between the beams and extending around the bottoms of the beams, and a filling of concrete or similar material between the beams and around the webs and bottoms of the beams, su bstantially as described.

21. The combination with the beams A, of plate-joists B notched at their ends to receive the bottom flanges of the beams, reticulated metal between the beams, a web of concrete or similar material D between the beams embedding the joists, and door-supporting joists Il extending from beam to beam and resting on the web D, substantially as described.

22. The combination with the beams A, of plate-joists B notched at their ends to receive the bottom iianges of the beams, reticulated metal between the beams, a' web oi concrete or similar material D between the beams embedding the joists', fireprooling D extending along the webs and upper {ianges of the beams, and floor-supporting` joists Il extending between the reproong D' and resting on the web D, substantially as described.

23. The combination with the beams A, of plate-joists B notched at their ends to receive the bottom anges of the beams, reticulated metal between the beams, a web of concrete or similar material D between the beams embedding the joists and reprooliug D' extending along the webs and upper flanges of the beams, substantially as described.

24. The combination with thebeams A, of a web of concrete or similar material D extending between the lower portions of the beams, and floor-supporting joists Il extending from beam to beam and resting on the web D, substantially as described.

25. The combination with the beams A, of a web of concrete or similar material D extending between the lower portions of the beams and bodies of concrete or similar material D extending along the webs and upper anges of the beams, and floor-supporting -joists H extending between the concrete D and resting on the web D, substantially as described..

26. The combination with the beams A, and reproof web D between the lower portions of the beams, of the door-supporting joists I-I extending over aV series of beams and notched to rest upon the tops of the beams and on web D, substantially as described. 1

27. The combination with the beams Aand iated metal on said supports, substantially as 1o described. y

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of vtwo subscribing Witnesses.

. VILLIAM OBR. VVitnesseS:

EDWIN W. ARNOLD, WILLIAM K. PAFF. 

